Exporting an ecosystem
The US AI Action Plan tied model leadership to infrastructure, permitting, exports, and national security. The American AI Exports program packaged hardware, models, software, applications, and standards for selected partners. The strategic question was whether countries adopting that package would become dependent on American suppliers and rules, even as they acquired domestic data centers.
Europe confronts implementation
The report described pressure to pause or simplify the AI Act while the Commission continued its rollout. Only three member states had fully completed the requirement to designate national authorities at the report’s snapshot, and technical standards were still under development. That was an implementation finding from 2025, not a claim that the law had been abandoned or a statement of current obligations.
Self-reliance and international coordination diverge
China’s open-weight ecosystem and domestic semiconductor ambitions advanced alongside a reported 10% increase in science and technology spending. Meanwhile, international safety coordination weakened: the US did not attend two AI Safety Institute Network meetings in 2025. The report’s concern was that national competition was making shared governance harder precisely as more capable systems crossed borders.
