Regulatory approaches diverge
The report grouped emerging approaches around existing laws, new AI-specific frameworks, and restrictions on particular services. The UK and India emphasized existing regulation, while the EU’s AI Act was still moving through the legislative process and China had introduced generative AI rules. These were the positions recorded at publication, not a current legal map.
International coordination is still taking shape
The UK was preparing a November 2023 safety summit, the EU and US were discussing a code of conduct, and the G7’s Hiroshima process was developing. Proposals for global institutions drew comparisons with existing scientific and regulatory bodies, but had not created a binding worldwide AI regime.
Chip controls become an international effort
The US secured allied cooperation in restricting advanced semiconductor technology to China. The report discussed Japanese and Dutch export restrictions alongside doubts about the effectiveness and feasibility of the broader strategy. Hardware supply chains made AI policy an industrial and geopolitical issue as well as a question of model behavior.
